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Eurasian shamanism

Siberia, Central Asia, the Sami and Tengri: the drum, the journey and the shaman's worlds.

The Kazakh and Kyrgyz baksy: the kobyz and the legend of Korkyt

The Central Asian baksy and his horsehair bowed instrument, the kobyz: the legend of Korkyt Ata who fled death, and shamanism meeting Islam.

4 min

Buryat shamanism: the 99 tengri and Lake Baikal

Böö and udagan, the 99 western and eastern tengri, Olkhon Island and the collective tailgan rites: the shamanism of the Buryats around Baikal.

4 min

The Chukchi and Bogoras: family and «transformed» shamans

The shamanism of the Chukchi in the research of Waldemar Bogoras: the family drum, domestic rites and the shamans who changed their social gender.

4 min

Eliade and the «archaic techniques of ecstasy»: book and critics

Mircea Eliade's 1951 book: the shaman as master of ecstasy, Siberia as its model, and the criticisms raised by the anthropologists who came later.

4 min

Shamans seen from Europe: travellers, explorers and philosophes

From Archpriest Avvakum to Witsen's engraving, from Gmelin's expeditions to Catherine II's comedy: how Europe discovered and judged the shamans of Siberia.

4 min

Helper spirits and animal guides in Eurasian shamanisms

Who accompanies the shaman on the journey: helper spirits, animal guides, the Sakha animal-mother, Mongol and Buryat ongon and their bond with people.

4 min

The Khanty and Mansi bear festival: songs, masks and the sky

The Khanty and Mansi bear festival: the bear as son of the sky god, nights of songs and masks, the veiled language and the return to the sky.

4 min

The mudang and the gut: Korean shamanism past and present

Korean shamanism: the mudang and the gut ritual, hereditary shamans and those called by spirits, persecution and survival in modern South Korea.

4 min

The tundra Nenets: the tadebya, Num and sacred Vaygach Island

The religion of the Nenets, reindeer herders of the tundra: the tadebya shaman, the sky god Num, sacred sites with wooden figures and Vaygach Island.

4 min

The Nisan shaman and Manchu shamanism at the Qing court

The Manchu tale of the Nisan shaman, who descends into the realm of the dead to bring back a soul, and the court shamanism of the Qing dynasty.

4 min

Where the word «shaman» comes from: a Siberian story

The word shaman comes from a Tungusic language of Siberia, reached Europe through Russian and became a universal category, with several limitations.

4 min

The ovoo: the sacred stone cairns of Mongolia

The ovoo, sacred stone cairn of Mongolia: the sunwise circling, the blue khadag scarves, the summer festival and the encounter with Buddhism.

4 min

Sakha and Yakutia: the Aiyy gods, the oyuun and the Yhyakh

The religion of the Sakha of Yakutia: the Aiyy deities, the abaasy spirits, the oyuun and the algyschyt, and the great summer Yhyakh festival.

4 min

The Sami joik: a song that is not about someone, but is them

The joik, traditional song of the Sami: how a person or place is «joiked», its link with the noaidi, its condemnation and its modern revival.

4 min

The Sami noaidi and drum: shamanism of the Far North

Who the Sami noaidi was, how the drum worked with its figures and pointer, and why Lutheran missionaries persecuted it in the 17th and 18th centuries.

5 min

The sieidi: sacred stones and places of the Sami landscape

The Sami sieidi, stones and places in the landscape that received offerings of reindeer and fish, Ukonsaari Island and the idea of a living land.

4 min

The shamanic vocation in Siberia: calling, refusal, initiation

How one became a shaman in Siberia according to the sources: inheritance, the spirits' call, dismemberment dreams, apprenticeship and community recognition.

4 min

Shamans in the 20th century: Soviet repression and revival

How the Soviet state fought Siberian shamanism, from the anti-religious campaigns of the 1930s to clandestine survival, and on to the revival after 1991.

4 min

The Siberian shaman's costume: iron, fringes and bones

The shamanic costume in Siberia as a ritual body: iron pendants, fringes, antlered headdresses, bird and skeleton images and what they meant to wearers.

4 min

The Siberian shamanic drum: mount, cosmos and voice

Structure, materials and symbols of the shamanic drum in Siberia: the animal hide, the beater, the painted figures and the idea of the drum as a mount.

4 min

Tengri, the Eternal Sky of the steppe peoples

Tengri in the history of Turkic and Mongol peoples: from the Orkhon inscriptions to the Great Khans' seal and on to contemporary Tengrism in Central Asia.

4 min

The three worlds and the cosmic tree in Siberian shamanism

Upper, middle and lower worlds in Siberian cosmologies: the cosmic tree, the pole, the river and the hole in the sky as routes of the shaman's journey.

4 min

The toli: the bronze mirror of Mongol and Buryat shamans

The toli, bronze mirror of Mongol and Buryat shamans: Chinese origins, shield and eye on the invisible world, and a symbol of light and of the soul.

4 min

Tuva: shamans, spirits of place and throat singing

The shamanism of Tuva: the kham, the master spirits of places, the eeren, the link with khöömei throat singing and its revival since the 1990s.

4 min

Ülgen and Erlik: the sky and the abyss of the Altai kam

The kam of the Turkic peoples of the Altai between Ülgen, lord of the sky, and Erlik, ruler of the lower world: the notched birch and the ritual ascent.

4 min